Addressing Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing the TCP/IP protocols: physical address, logical address, port addres...

Packets in the network (internet) layer are called datagrams .  A datagram (datagram format is as shown below ) is a variable-length pa...

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING IP addresses, when started a few decades ago, used the concept of classes. This architecture is called classful addre...

UDP Services Process-to-Process Communication UDP provides process-to-process communication using sockets, A socket is a combination...

Fragmentation A datagram can travel through different networks. Each router decapsulates the IP datagram from the frame it receives, p...