Download Printable Version of File Transfer and Electronic Mail Notes
Friday, April 6, 2018
Monday, April 2, 2018
Printable version of Remote Login and Telnet Notes
Friday, March 30, 2018
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Sunday, March 18, 2018
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Friday, March 16, 2018
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Wednesday, February 14, 2018
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TCP Encapsulation A TCP segment encapsulates the data received from the application layer. The TCP segment is encapsulated in an IP da...
SEGMENT A packet in TCP is called a segment. Format: The segment consist of a header of 20 to 60 bytes, followed by data from...
TCP Features TCP has several features that are briefly summarized as below Numbering System There are two fileds called sequence n...
TCP Services Services offered by TCP to the process at the application layer. Process-to-Process Communication. TCP provides process-...
NAT (Network address translation) A technology that can provide the mapping between the private and universal addresses. The Network...
Special Addresses In classful addressing some addresses were reserved for special purposes. The classless addressing scheme inherits som...
Classless addressing In 1996, the internet authorities announced a new architecture called classless addressing. In classless address...
Supernet Mask A supernet mask is the reverse of subnet mask A subnet mask for class C has more 1s than the default mask of this cl...
Supernetting Combining several Class C blocks to create a larger range of address is known as supernetting. for example an organiza...
Subnet Mask A subnet mask in classless/subnet addressing is a 32-bit number with netid bits set to 1s and hostid bits set to 0s. ...
Three-Level Addressing: Subnetting The idea of splitting a block to smaller blocks is referred to as sub-netting. In subnetting, a n...
Network Mask A network mask or a default mask in classful addressing is a 32-bit number with netid bits set to 1s and hostid bits set t...
Two-Level Addressing The purpose of IPv4 addressing is to show destination for an internet packet. Internet is networks of network, A ...
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP is transport layer protocol which enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange stre...
UDP Applications The following shows some typical applications that can benefit more from the services of UDP than from those of T...
UDP Services Process-to-Process Communication UDP provides process-to-process communication using sockets, A socket is a combination...
Thursday, January 25, 2018
USER DATAGRAM UDP Packets are called as user datagram, User Datagram have a fixed-size header of 8 bytes. User Datagram Protocol (UD...
Sunday, January 14, 2018
CLASSFUL ADDRESSING IP addresses, when started a few decades ago, used the concept of classes. This architecture is called classful addre...
Addressing Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing the TCP/IP protocols: physical address, logical address, port addres...
IPV4 Introduction The identifier used in the IP layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite to identify each device connected to the Internet i...
Fragmentation A datagram can travel through different networks. Each router decapsulates the IP datagram from the frame it receives, p...
